How do you label transgenic mice?
Nomenclature for genetically engineered mice Alleles are designated either by the chemical mutagen or by the abbreviation “tm” (targeted mutation), followed by a number and the laboratory registration code, and selection criteria superscripted to the gene symbol (e.g., Apoa1tm1Unc).
How do you read the genotype of a mouse?
For spontaneously or targeted mutant mice, this notation makes perfect sense: “+” indicates the wildtype allele, and “-” the mutant allele. Thus, we designate our mouse genotypes “-/-” for homozygous mutants, “+/-” for heterozygotes, and “+/+” for wildtypes.
What does -/- mean in mice?
It means that the ApoE gene has been knocked out of that animal. The two minus signs either side of the forward slash (-/-) mean that both alleles of the ApoE gene have been knocked out. The mouse is therefore an ApoE homozygous knockout.
What does double colon mean in genetics?
When an insertion is in a known gene, the mutation is given a three-letter designation, gene designation, and allele number as described above, followed by a double colon then the type of insertion element.
What is transgenic mouse models?
Transgenic mice are mouse models that have had their genomes altered for the purpose of studying gene functions. At Charles River, we help hundreds of global customers by delivering study-ready, transgenic mice to meet their research needs.
How do you read gene names?
General rules. Each bacterial gene is denoted by a mnemonic of three lower case letters which indicate the pathway or process in which the gene-product is involved, followed by a capital letter signifying the actual gene. In some cases, the gene letter may be followed by an allele number.
How do you write a gene name for a mouse?
Mice and rats: Gene symbols are italicized, with only the first letter in upper-case (e.g., Gfap). Protein symbols are not italicized, and all letters are in upper-case (e.g., GFAP). Fish: In contrast to the general rule, full gene names are italicized (e.g., brass).
Is SS heterozygous or homozygous?
Specifically, heterozygous (Ss) individuals express both normal and sickle hemoglobin, so they have a mixture of normal and sickle red blood cells. In most situations, individuals who are heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia are phenotypically normal. Under these circumstances, sickle-cell disease is a recessive trait.
What is chimera mouse?
A chimeric mouse contains both normal cells and genetically manipulated “knockout” cells. Coat color can reflect this with a spotted pattern. A chimeric mouse is a patchwork of normal cells and genetically manipulated “knockout” cells.
How are plasmids named?
Plasmids are named with a lowercase “p” followed by the designation in uppercase letters and numbers. To avoid the use of the same designation as that of a widely used strain or plasmid, check the designation against a publication database such as Medline.
Why are some mouse models called knockout mice?
Many of these mouse models are named after the gene that has been inactivated. For example, the p53 knockout mouse is named after the p53 gene, which codes for a protein that normally suppresses the growth of tumors by arresting cell division.
Where can I find the mouse nomenclature Quick Guide PDF?
Click here to download the Mouse Nomenclature Quick Guide PDF. The Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database is a reliable source of official nomenclature for mouse genes, alleles, and strains; it follows the rules of the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice.
How many mice will be homozygous for both Knockouts?
Theoretically, one out of 16 progeny (6.25%) will be homozygous for both knockouts (aabb; see Figure 2). Be aware that it will take a lot of mice to get enough double homozygotes to build your colony. Alternatively, you could cross the double heterozygotes (AaBb) back to one of the homozygous knockout parents (e.g. aaBB).
What is a p53 knockout mouse?
For example, the p53 knockout mouse is named after the p53 gene, which codes for a protein that normally suppresses the growth of tumors by arresting cell division.