How do you measure temperature of glass?
A pyrometer or thermal imager with a detector that is sensitive at 1 μm can be used to look through thin glass and measure wall temperatures as the glass emissivity is small and transmission is large. If there is sufficient glass thickness such as in the melt tank, then the bulk glass temperature can be measured.
What temperature is a glass furnace?
Temperature Sensors for Glass Many furnaces in the glass manufacturing industry experience temperature control issues. Glass furnace temperature can range from around 1100 °C to 1600 °C.
What is the instrument used to test the temperature of the molten metal called?
The temperature of liquid metal is commonly measured using thermocouples (Fig. 1). The probe is dipped into the melt. Data accuracy is subject to the precision with which the foundry operator performs the measurement.
How does a glass furnace work?
These furnaces mainly operate ‘cold top’, where the raw material is distributed evenly over the melting surface of the glass, forming an insulating ‘batch blanket’. Melting and refining take place in one vertical process, with glass being drawn through a throat at the bottom of a deep melting tank.
How do you test for emissivity?
The emissivity can be determined by one of the following methods, in order of preference: Determine the actual temperature of the material using a sensor such as an RTD, thermocouple or another suitable method. Next, measure the object temperature and adjust the emissivity setting until the correct value is reached.
What type of furnace is used for glass?
There are two types of glass melting furnaces: Pot furnaces and Tank furnaces. Pot Furnaces are structures built of refractory materials in which there is no contact between the furnace and the glass. Glass is melted in several pots made of refractory materials which are resistant to glass attack at high temperatures.
What temperature should my furnace be?
Did you know that setting your thermostat at 68 degrees is the recommended furnace temperature for personal comfort, energy efficiency, and optimal savings? For every two degrees that you lower the temperature, it will continue to save you about 5% off your monthly energy bill.
How do you measure the temperature of molten metal?
The temperature of molten metal is most commonly measured using immersion probes. The probe is dipped into the liquid metal after the ladle is filled, that is before pouring even begins. Data accuracy is subject to the precision with which the foundry operator performs the measurement.
How is metal temperature measured?
A thermometer is the safest way to take the temperature since you don’t have to get too close to the metal. It is also pretty accurate. It works best for surface level readings, including on thin sheets of metal like pans, baking trays, and so on.
How is a glass furnace heated?
In fossil-fuel-fired furnaces the hot combustion gases are located above the molten glass. In electric resistance furnaces the glass is directly heated by immersed electrodes. Small induction-heated glass furnaces are used for specialty glasses.
How much power does a glass furnace use?
And the quantity of glass depends on the table size of the glass tempering furnace (i.e. loading capacity), type and thickness of the glass. For instance, 4 KWh of power consumption of a glass tempering furnace means that it takes 4 KWh of electricity to temper 1 m2 of 5 mm thick clear glass.