What causes periventricular nodular heterotopia?
In most cases, periventricular heterotopia is caused by mutations in the FLNA gene. This gene provides instructions for producing the protein filamin A, which helps build the network of protein filaments (cytoskeleton ) that gives structure to cells and allows them to change shape and move.
What is bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia?
Periventricular nodular heterotopia is a brain malformation of cortical development where there is abnormal clumping of grey matter (nerve cells) along the lining of the fluid-filled brain cavities called the ventricles. PVNH seizures can be unilateral (on one side) or bilateral (on both sides).
Does GREY matter Heterotopia get worse?
In general, gray matter heterotopia is fixed in both its occurrence and symptoms; that is, once symptoms occur, it does not tend to progress.
How do you treat heterotopia?
Rarely, periventricular heterotopia is associated with a duplication of genetic material on chromosome 5. Treatment is generally focused on managing recurrent seizures with medications.
Is heterotopia a genetic disorder?
X-linked periventricular heterotopia or FLNA-related periventricular nodular heterotopia is a genetic disorder in which nerve cells in the brain do not migrate properly during early fetal development (a neuronal migration disorder). It is characterized by the presence of clumps of neurons near the brain’s ventricles.
Is heterotopia a disability?
Background. Grey Matter Heterotopia (GMH) is a neural defect due to an anomalous development of the cerebral cortex. It is characterized by the presence of small or extended portions of grey matter in areas of the brain or spinal cord that should physiologically be occupied by white matter.
What do you mean by heterotopia?
Heterotopia is a concept elaborated by philosopher Michel Foucault to describe certain cultural, institutional and discursive spaces that are somehow ‘other’: disturbing, intense, incompatible, contradictory or transforming.
What is heterotopia Foucault?
What are examples of heterotopia?
Some examples of heterotopia are cemeteries, movies, gardens and carpets, boarding schools, bordellos, toilets, pornographic spaces, holiday camps, mental institutions and saunas.
What are the types of heterotopia?
Heterotopia is defined as a cluster of normal neurons in abnormal locations, and is divided into three main groups: periventricular nodular heterotopia, subcortical heterotopia, and band or laminar heterotopia. Subependymal or periventricular heterotopia (Fig.