What influences does particle size have on aerosol therapy?
Appropriate particle sizes are important to enable adequate concentrations at the target site. Particle size also determines the mechanism of deposition in the respiratory system [31]. Particles that distribute deep in the smaller airways (<5 μm) are reported to have up to 70 % deposition efficiency [33, 61].
What is SPAG in respiratory therapy?
The SPAG-2 is a pneumatically powered nebulizer designed specifically for the administration of ribavirin and therefore uncommon in respiratory therapy for delivering aerosolized medications [8]. In addition, setup of the machine is time consuming and difficult to maintain.
What is the size measurement of aerosol particles to be delivered into the lungs?
The mean diameter of inhaled particles must be about 5 μm for the particles to reach bronchioles and less than 2 μm to reach alveoli; therefore the inhalable liposomes must be formulated within this range. The size of the aerosol particles delivered also depends on the type of delivery device used [11].
Which of the following particle sizes should a nebulizer produce to allow proper disposition of Albuterol?
Background: Nebulized particles must have diameters between 1 to 5 μm (optimal particle size range [OPSR]) to be deposited in the lower respiratory tract. The purpose of this study is to determine factors that affect the particle size distributions of nebulized albuterol.
Why is aerosol size important?
The use of inhaled aerosols allows selective treatment of the lungs directly by achieving high drug concentrations in the airway. Relatively small doses can be used compared with those given orally, the onset of the effect is relatively rapid, and systemic adverse effects may be minimized.
What are the indications for aerosol therapy?
The primary use of aerosol therapy is treatment of respiratory disorders that include: Obstructive lung diseases such as: Asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (including bronchitis and emphysema)
Is the particle size above and below which 50% of the mass of the particles are found?
A measure that quantifies a polydisperse aerosol is the mass median diameter (MMD). This measure determines the particle size (in µm) above and below which 50% of the mass of the particles is con- tained. This is the particle size that evenly divides the mass, or amount of the drug in the particle size distribution.
What is a SPAG used for?
The anti-viral drug ribavirin primarily used for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is delivered by continuous nebulization with the Small Particle Aerosol Generator (SPAG).
What particle size can be inhaled?
A respirable particle (one that can reach the lungs) is a particle around 10 microns or less. Larger particles may still be inhaled, but the body has built in defense mechanisms to keep them from reaching the deep portions of the lung.
What is the optimum particle size to aid deposition into the lungs?
Small particles (<2 μm) deposit mainly in the alveolar region and are probably the most apt to act systemically, whereas the particle in the size range 2–6 μm are be best suited to treat the central and small airways.
What is best particle size for nebulizer?
Particle sizes from the nebulization process should ideally be in the range of 1 to 5 microns. Particles less than 1 micron will remain suspended in air and will not deposit within the bronchial tree. Particles greater than 5 microns tend to deposit in the upper respiratory tract.
What is a particle in aerosol?
Aerosols. Aerosols are extremely small solid particles, or very small liquid droplets, suspended in the atmosphere. Aerosols consisting of solid particles can be placed in the atmosphere primarily by large dust storms, volcanic eruptions, or the soot particles from large fires.