What is the function of radial glial cells?
Radial glia are specialized cells in the developing nervous system of all vertebrates, and are characterized by long radial processes. These processes facilitate the best known function of radial glia: guiding the radial migration of newborn neurons from the ventricular zone to the mantle regions.
What are enteric glial cells?
Enteric glia are a large population of peripheral neuroglia that are associated with the cell bodies and processes of enteric neurons throughout the digestive tract. Neuroglia, in general, fulfil homeostatic functions in the nervous system and this view is consistent with the known functions of enteric glia in the ENS.
Where do radial glial cells come from?
Radial glia are stem cells These cells arise during the expansion of the neural tube (about E9. 5 in mice) and may be characterized by expression of specific antigens including GLAST, BLBP and GFAP. Originally, radial glia were thought to be simply scaffolds that maintained the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system.
What do Muller cells do in retina?
Muller cells. Muller cells are the principal glial cell of the retina. They form architectural support structures stretching radially across the thickness of the retina and are the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membrane respectively.
Where are enteric glial cells found?
Mucosal glia lie in the mucosa directly beneath the intestinal epithelial cells. Major populations of enteric glia are found in enteric ganglia in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the enteric nervous system.
What is enteric nervous system?
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a large division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that can control gastrointestinal behaviour independently of central nervous system (CNS) input. Mammalian neurons are located in either the CNS (brain and spinal cord) or PNS (cells with soma outside the brain and spinal cord).
Are radial glial cells neurons?
Radial glial cells have been identified as a major source of neurons during development. Here, we review the evidence for the distinct “glial” nature of radial glial cells and contrast these cells with their progenitors, the neuroepithelial cells.
What is the inner plexiform layer?
The inner plexiform layer (IPL; also inner synaptic layer) consists of synaptic connections between the axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells. The IPL contains the synapse between the second-order and third-order neuron in the visual pathway (see Figure 4-15).