What is BRAF fusion?
Background: BRAF was a part of RAS/MAPK pathway, which regulated the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis of cells. BRAF V600E was a potential treatment target for non-small cell lung cancer and other tumors. While BRAF fusion was rare in lung cancer. Here we focus on BRAF fusion in lung cancer.
What is KIAA1549 BRAF?
KIAA1549-BRAF is the most frequently identified genetic mutation in sporadic pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), creating a fusion BRAF (f-BRAF) protein with increased BRAF activity.
What is pilocytic astrocytoma grade1?
Pilocytic astrocytomas, also known as juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, are circumscribed astrocytic gliomas that tend to occur in young patients. They are considered WHO grade 1 tumors in the current WHO classification of CNS tumors and correspondingly have a relatively good prognosis.
What is BRAF v600e mutation?
A specific mutation (change) in the BRAF gene, which makes a protein that is involved in sending signals in cells and in cell growth. This BRAF gene mutation may be found in some types of cancer, including melanoma and colorectal cancer. It may increase the growth and spread of cancer cells.
Is pilocytic astrocytoma a glioma?
Pilocytic astrocytomas are low-grade gliomas, slow-growing tumors that arise from glial cells. Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most benign and most treatable of the gliomas. The cure rate is over 90 percent.
Can pilocytic astrocytoma stop growing?
The findings, published in the June 1 issue of Clinical Cancer Research, could lead to better ways of evaluating and treating pilocytic astrocytomas. “These tumors are slow-growing to start with, and sometimes stop growing, and now we have a pretty good idea of why that happens,” says Charles G.
Is BRAF the same as RAF?
BRAF is a human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf. The gene is also referred to as proto-oncogene B-Raf and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, while the protein is more formally known as serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf.
How long can you live with pilocytic astrocytoma?
Pilocytic astrocytoma has a five-year survival rate of over 96 percent in children and young adults, which is one of the highest survival rates of any brain tumor.
What is the kiaa1549-braf fusion gene?
The KIAA1549-BRAF fusion gene, resulting from duplication of the BRAF gene at 7q34, is used as a marker of tumor derived cells and phenotypically distinct tumor cells expressing vascular markers; it is the most frequent genetic alteration in PA (>70%) [ 19 ].
What are the FFPE slides for the kiaa1549-braf fusion?
The FFPE slides were processed and evaluated as previously described for the KIAA1549-BRAF fusion. The determination of low and high level of FGFR1 gene amplification followed the criteria proposed by Schultheis et al (42) based on the ratio FGFR1/CEP 8 ≥ 2.0, or the average number of FGFR1 signals per nucleus ≥6 copies.
Should we treat kiaa1549 with BRAF inhibitors?
Nevertheless, the subset of patients with KIAA1549:BRAF positive tumors could potentially benefit from treatment with the second-generation BRAF inhibitors such as PLX-PB3, which specifically target the fusion protein ( 52 ). Most tumors in our series showed strong immunohistochemical FGFR1 expression.
Do BRAF and FGFR1 alterations impact survival in kiaa1549 tumors?
Finally, we assessed the combined impact of BRAF and FGFR1 alterations in patients OS and EFS. We found that patients with tumors positive for KIAA1549:BRAF fusion showed longer survival regardless of FGFR1 status and FGFR1 immunohistochemical expression (Fig. 5A, B).