What is the transepicondylar axis?
The transepicondylar axis was defined as a line between the most medial and most lateral prominences of the epicondyles, while, the posterior condylar axis was a line connecting the posterior aspects of the femoral condyles.
What is white side line?
Whiteside’s line is a line drawn from the deepest part of the trochlea groove to the centre of the intercondylar notch posteriorly [3]. It has been shown to be useful in determining femoral rotation [4], [24].
What is the posterior condylar line?
The Posterior Condylar Line (PCL) is the tangent of the posterior femoral condyles, the Anatomical Trans Epicondylar Axis (TEA) connects the medial to the lateral epicondyle, the Surgical TEA connects the Medial Sulcus to the lateral epicondyle and the Trochlear AP Axis connects the deepest point of the trochlar groove …
Where is Whiteside’s line drawn from?
In comparison, the APA, also known as Whiteside’s Line, is defined as the axis taken from two points—the deepest part of the patella groove anteriorly to the centre of the intercondylar notch posteriorly [3].
How accurate is Whiteside’s line as a reference axis in total knee arthroplasty?
Our results have shown that Whiteside’s line is perpendicular to the epicondylar axis in the majority of cases (mean of 91 degrees). However the variation of values about the mean (range 80-102 degrees), and a SD of 4.7 degrees suggests that this should not be used alone as a rotational assessment guide.
Where is the Trochlear groove?
patella
When the knee is bent, the undersurface of the kneecap (the patella) lies in an area known as the trochlear groove. The sides of the patella and the walls of the groove should be almost parallel. The normal shape of the trochlea groove is concave.
What is a Trochlear groove?
The trochlea is a groove in the femur bone underneath the kneecap (patella). The walls of the trochlea stabilize the patella and allow it to glide down the center of the trochlea as the knee bends.
What is the trochlear?
The trochlear nerve is one of 12 sets of cranial nerves. It enables movement in the eye’s superior oblique muscle. This makes it possible to look down. The nerve also enables you to move your eyes toward your nose or away from it.
How do you fix excessive Q angle?
The most effective way to decrease a high Q angle and to lower the biomechanical stresses on the knee joint is to prevent excessive pronation with custom-made functional orthotics. One study found that using soft corrective orthotics was more effective in reducing knee pain than was a traditional exercise program.
Is trochlear dysplasia congenital?
Trochlear dysplasia is characterized by abnormal trochlear morphology and a shallow groove. It is associated with recurrent patellar dislocation, but it is unclear whether the dysplasia is congenital, the result of lateral tracking and chronic instability, or caused by a combination of factors.