What organs are involved in atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis, and kidneys. As a result, different diseases may develop based on which arteries are affected.
What is the morphology of atherosclerosis?
The atherosclerotic process is characterized by typical ultrastructural changes that mainly involve the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The morphological alterations of the endothelium are associated with dysfunctions leading to a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype.
What is atherosclerosis in pathology?
Atherosclerosis is the pathologic process of lipid accumulation, scarring, and inflammation in the vascular wall, particularly the subendothelial (intimal) space of arteries, leading to vascular wall thickening, luminal stenosis, calcification, and in some cases thrombosis.
What causes atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta?
Although the exact cause is unknown, atherosclerosis may start with damage or injury to the inner layer of an artery. The damage may be caused by: High blood pressure. High cholesterol.
What are the types of atherosclerosis?
There are three recognized types of arteriosclerosis: atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis.
How is atherosclerosis diagnosis?
Your doctor will order blood tests to check your blood sugar and cholesterol levels. High levels of blood sugar and cholesterol raise your risk of atherosclerosis. A C-reactive protein (CRP) test also may be done to check for a protein linked to inflammation of the arteries. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
What is a Fibroatheroma?
Fibroatheroma. The fibrous cap atheroma is the first of the advanced lesions of coronary atherosclerosis by the AHA classification scheme. Its defining feature is the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core encapsulated by collagen rich fibrous tissue.
Which histologic findings are characteristic of acute appendicitis?
Histological findings include variable acute inflammation with predominance of neutrophils involving some or all layers of the appendiceal wall If left untreated, acute appendicitis can progress to mural necrosis and perforation, local abscess formation and peritonitis
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaque progression?
A major event in atherosclerotic plaque progression is thrombosis, which may occur in any arterial bed (coronary, aorta, carotid, etc.) Three different morphologies (rupture, erosion and calcified nodule) may give rise to acute coronary thrombosis. The development of plaque and its rupture are hallmarks of atherosclerotic vascular disease. [ 4]
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesions?
The earliest pathologic descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions focused on morphologies of fatty streaks to fibroatheromas (FAs) and advanced plaques complicated by hemorrhage, calcification, ulceration, and thrombosis.
How are atherosclerotic lesions classified in aorta?
In the aorta, atherosclerotic lesions have been classified largely on gross findings. Fatty streaks are yellow, minimally raised lesions that demonstrate abundant lipid when stained with oil red O. Fibrous plaques are raised, white, firmer areas that are relatively well demarcated.