What were the effects of Proposition 209?
Proposition 209 caused the state and local governments to end their race-conscious contracting programs, resulting in a loss of $1 billion to $1.1 billion annually for minority and women business enterprises.”
Does affirmative action affect graduation rates?
The dif- ference in graduation rates is larger, with 57% of affirmative action students graduating compared to 73% of their nonaffirmative action peers. A student’s family, school, and neighborhood characteristics can explain a small part of these differences, but academic preparation explains most of the difference.
When was affirmative action passed?
1965
Executive orders and legislation The Johnson administration embraced affirmative action in 1965, by issuing U.S Executive order 11246, later amended by Executive order 11375. The original order mandated that federal contractors cannot discriminate against employees on the basis of race, religion and national origin.
What are the bad things about affirmative action?
Disadvantage: Creates a Stigma One of the disadvantages of affirmative action in the workplace is that it can create a stigma that women and minorities at your company were only hired because of their gender or skin color.
What happened in Grutter v Bollinger?
Decision. On June 23, 2003, in a 5-4 decision, the court held that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not prohibit the narrowly tailored use of race in university admission plans as part of a compelling interest in promoting student diversity.
What is Proposition 209 and why is it bad?
Proposition 209 will eliminate affirmative action programs like these that help achieve equal opportunity for women and minorities in public employment, education and contracting. Instead of reforming affirmative action to make it fair for everyone, Proposition 209 makes the current problems worse.
Who was involved in the Proposition 209 campaign?
Californians Against Discrimination and Preferences, also known as Yes on Proposition 209, led the campaign in support of Proposition 209. Proponents referred to Proposition 209 as the California Civil Rights Initiative. Glynn Custred and Thomas Wood co-authored the ballot initiative.
What is the difference between discrimination and preferential treatment under Proposition 209?
In Hi-Voltage Wire Works v. San Jose (2000), the California Supreme Court held that, within the context of Proposition 209, discrimination means “to make distinctions in treatment; show partiality (in favor of) or prejudice (against)” and preferential means “a giving of priority or advantage to one person over others.”
What was the margin of error in the 1996 Los Angeles Times?
On November 5, 1996, the Los Angeles Times conducted an exit poll of 2,473 voters who cast ballots in the general election at 40 polling places. The margin of error was 3 percent (but higher for some subgroups).