Where is the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus located?
Rome
Situated atop the Capitoline Hill in the heart of the ancient city of Rome, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus represented this tradition well (today the site is occupied by a piazza designed by the Renaissance artist Michelangelo, see photo below).
What happened to the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
It was traditionally dedicated in 509 BC, and in 83 BC was destroyed by fire, and a replacement in Greek style completed in 69 BC (there were to be two more fires and new buildings).
What mountain is behind the Temple of Jupiter?
The Temple of Jupiter was built on the southern peak of the Capitoline Hill, the smallest of the Seven Hills of Rome.
Why was the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus so important?
The Temple of Jupiter symbolized the “sovereignty and immortality” of Roman civilization, in an effort to distinguish itself from neighboring peoples when establishing the new Roman Republic. The Temple remained a iconic power symbol throughout the Roman Republic and early Empire.
Who constructed the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. Sources. 10.1. Tarquinius Priscus [ruling 616-578 BC] undertook the construction of a temple to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, which he had vowed to the gods during his last battle against the Sabines.
What was Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus made of?
The original Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was likely made of mud brick with stucco facing and cappellaccio foundations. There were three cellae, or temple chambers, one for Jupiter Optimus in the middle, one for Minerva on the right, and one for Juno Regina on the left.
When did Augustus Close the Gates of Janus?
Following years of Civil War, Octavian, Julius Caesar’s grand-nephew and adopted son, was granted the title Augustus, Princeps Civitatis (First Citizen) of Rome on 16 January 27 BC. In this celebratory painting by Louis de Silvestre, Augustus orders the doors at both ends of the Temple of Janus to be closed.
Who built Temple of Jupiter?
10.1. Tarquinius Priscus [ruling 616-578 BC] undertook the construction of a temple to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, which he had vowed to the gods during his last battle against the Sabines.
What does Jupiter god look like?
The physical nature of Jupiter is one that folks often equate with Zeus or even the Christian god: a tall, white male with a flowing, white beard. He carries a staff or scepter, sits on a majestic throne, and is often flanked by an eagle.
Why was Jupiter Worshipped?
Jupiter was a sky-god who Romans believed oversaw all aspects of life; he is thought to have originated from the Greek god Zeus. Jupiter also concentrated on protecting the Roman state. Military commanders would pay homage to Jupiter at his temple after winning in battle.
Who made the statue of Jupiter?
sculptor Pheidias
Although it was carved in a Roman workshop in the first century A.D., the inspiration for this image of Jupiter was a Greek sculpture of the 430s B.C., the monumental gold and ivory statue of Zeus created by the sculptor Pheidias (active 470-420 B.C.) for Zeus’s temple at Olympia.
Why was the Temple of Jupiter destroyed?
Depiction of the second Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on a denarius coin, 41 BCE. Depiction of the second Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on an as coin, 69 CE. In 26 BCE, the temple was struck by lightning and damaged, then repaired by Augustus, only to experience more lightning damage in 9 BCE.
What is the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus ( Latin: Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini; Italian: Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo; lit. ‘Temple of Jupiter, the Best and Greatest’) was the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline Hill.
What is the significance of the Capitolium?
In the 4th century, Ammianus Marcellinus referred to the temple as “the Capitolium, with which revered Rome elevates herself to eternity, the whole world beholds nothing more magnificent.” During the 5th century the temple was damaged by Stilicho (who according to Zosimus removed the gold that adorned the doors).
What is the best book on the Capitoline temple?
The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4300-6. Ridley, R.T. (2005), “Unbridgeable Gaps: the Capitoline temple at Rome”, Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma, 106: 83–104. Stamper, John (2005), The architecture of Roman temples: the republic to the middle empire, New York: Cambridge University Press.